This blog has been reviewed and approved by Dr Robert Lee, a dental professional of 35 years
Sensitivity in the gums and teeth is a common dental concern for many. While sensitive teeth may seem harmless, they can significantly impact your daily life, from enjoying your favourite foods to maintaining proper oral hygiene routines.
Symptoms of tooth sensitivity often manifest as sharp, sudden pain or discomfort when consuming hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods and drinks. People with sensitive teeth and gums can also experience discomfort when brushing or flossing, especially if they use a toothbrush with hard bristles or apply excessive pressure. In severe cases, tooth sensitivity can lead to chronic pain.
At Oral-B, we want to ensure you get the most out of your oral hygiene routine. Understanding what may be affecting it is the first step towards improvement. So, let's delve deeper into the causes and treatment of sensitive teeth.
Causes of Tooth Sensitivity
So, what causes sensitive teeth? Tooth sensitivity can stem from various factors contributing to discomfort and pain. Recognising these causes is crucial for managing and preventing sensitivity issues. Let's explore the common reasons for sensitive teeth:
Receding Gums - Gum recession exposes the tooth roots, and as the roots lack a protective enamel layer, making them vulnerable to sensitivity.
Cavities and Tooth Fractures - Cracks or cavities in teeth can microscopically expose the sensitive inner layers, leading to heightened sensitivity.
Loose Fillings - Damaged or loose fillings create gaps where bacteria accumulate, causing decay and sensitivity.
Gum Disease - Inflammation and infection of gums can result in recession, exposing tooth roots and causing sensitivity.
Grinding Your Teeth - Bruxism, or teeth grinding, wears down the enamel, exposing the dentin and increasing sensitivity.
Excessive Force while Brushing - Brushing your teeth too hard contributes to tooth wear and gum recession, worsening sensitivity.
Causes of Gum Sensitivity
Sensitive gums can result from various factors, ranging from early stages of gum disease to lifestyle habits and stress levels. Let's delve into some common causes of gum sensitivity:
1. Gum Disease:
Gingivitis - The initial stage of gum disease, is characterised by inflammation of the gums. Symptoms include red, swollen gums that may bleed during brushing or flossing.
Periodontitis - If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, where the infection spreads deeper into the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. This can lead to sore gums, gum recession, bone loss, tooth loss, and increased gum sensitivity.
2. Other Causes of Sore and Sensitive Gums:
Diet - Poor nutrition, especially diets high in sugar and carbohydrates, can contribute to sensitive gums.
Tobacco Use - Smoking or using tobacco products can impair gum health and increase susceptibility to gum disease, leading to sensitivity.
Stress - Chronic stress weakens the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off infections, including gum disease, which can cause gum sensitivity.
Lack of Oral Hygiene - Inadequate brushing, flossing, and regular dental visits can allow plaque and tartar to accumulate on the teeth and gums, resulting in your gums hurting.
Tooth Sensitivity and Gum Sensitivity - Treatment and Prevention
There are many ways to manage sensitive gums and teeth, involving preventive measures and targeted treatments. Let's explore various steps you can take to treat and prevent these common oral health concerns:
1.Practicing and Maintaining Good Oral Health:
Using antibacterial toothpaste formulated to prevent plaque and gingivitis is crucial in maintaining healthy gums and reducing the risk of sensitivity. Look for products that contain stannous fluoride and are specifically designed to promote gum health.
Regular brushing and flossing help remove plaque buildup and prevent gum disease, which can contribute to gum sensitivity. Aim to brush at least twice a day and floss once daily to maintain optimal oral hygiene.
Consuming a balanced, nutritious diet rich in vitamins and minerals supports overall gum health and reduces the risk of gum sensitivity. Limiting sugary and acidic foods can also help prevent enamel erosion and tooth sensitivity.
2.Using Desensitising Toothpaste and Fluoride Gel:
Desensitising toothpaste contains stannous fluoride or ingredients like potassium nitrate or strontium chloride, which help block pain signals from reaching the nerves in the teeth when your teeth and gums hurt. Using a desensitising toothpaste regularly can alleviate tooth sensitivity over time.
Fluoride gel applications can strengthen tooth enamel and reduce sensitivity by remineralising areas of enamel that have been weakened by acid erosion or abrasion. Your dentist may recommend fluoride treatments as part of your oral care routine.
3. Professional Treatment Options:
In some cases, more advanced treatment options may be necessary to address severe tooth sensitivity or gum issues. These may include:
Bonding: Dental bonding involves applying a tooth-coloured resin to the surface of the teeth to cover exposed dentin and reduce the sensitivity of teeth.
Gum Grafting: Gum grafting surgery can help repair receding gums by transferring gum tissue from another area of the mouth to cover exposed tooth roots.
Root Canal Therapy: In cases of severe tooth sensitivity due to nerve damage or infection, a root canal procedure may be recommended to remove the damaged nerve tissue and alleviate pain.
4. Regular Dental Check-ups:
Regular visits to your dentist for oral examinations and cleanings are essential for maintaining optimal oral health and detecting any issues early on. Your dentist can assess your oral health and will be able to recommend preventive care tips and address any concerns or symptoms of sensitivity
FAQs About Sensitive Teeth
How do I differentiate between sore gums and sensitive teeth?
To distinguish between sore gums and sensitive teeth, consider the type of discomfort: sore gums involve generalised tenderness, while sensitive teeth cause sharp pain with specific triggers.
My teeth and gums hurt; what to do?
For relief from teeth and gum pain, maintain good oral hygiene habits, avoid extreme temperatures in foods and drinks, and make sure you visit the dentist if the pain continues.
What are home remedies for gum pain relief?
Home remedies for gum pain or sore gums include rinsing with warm salt water, applying a cold compress, and avoiding tobacco products.
